This is a required component of the grade 9 science program for WOSS Oakville
Saturday, November 11, 2006
Describe how cells reproduce themselves.
31 comments:
Anonymous
said...
Cells reproduce themselves by going through interphase and mitosis. Interphase has three steps. First the cell grows bigger. Then the cell divides the chromosomes it has, then grows again. When interphase has finished, mitosis begins. First the nuclear membrane of the nucleus dissolves, this is the prophase. Then metaphase begins when the chromosomes in the cell move to the middle of the cell. There anaphase begins when the chromosomes start to move to each of the poles in the cell by spindle fibers. When the chromosomes reach both pole telephase has begun and a special part of telephaes has begun. Cytokinesis is the part of telephase where the cytoplasm and organllels move each pole with the chromosomes. This allows the cell membrane to pinch together and create two daugter cells that are exactly alike in animal cells. In plant cell when the cytokinesis part of telephase happens, a new cell wall is built to seperate the two daugther cells. After the two daugther cells interphase begins again. This process of interpahse and mitosis is neverending.
Mitosis- Mitosis is the reproduction of less complex cells, for an example, bacteria, single celled organisms, smaller plant cells, etc. The three functions of cells that mitosis contribute to are growth, repair, and reproduction (where mitosis steps in). When cells get to a certain size, they are too large and must divide, or duplicate. This stage is called mitosis. In mitosis, there are 5 stages in dividing a cell.
The first stage of mitosis is interphase. This is when the cell that needs to divide (the mother cell) divides itself to create 2 other cells (daughter cells). The daughter cells both have the exact same chromosomes as the mother cell.
Next, comes the prophase. This is when the nuclear membrane dissolves off of both of the daughter cells.
Thirdly, the chromosome lines up the daughter cells in the center of the chromosome. This is called the metaphase.
The next step is called the anaphase. This is when the chromosome pairs separate. The chromosomes start to move to opposite ends. The chromosomes are being pulled by spindle fibres. Spindle fibres are protein structures inside cells.
Lastly, there is the telophase. This is when the chromosomes reach their opposite ends and form their own nuclear membrane.
After this process, these 5 stages repeat themselves over and over again when the cells need to divide.
Meiosis-
Meiosis is a process that allows a diploid cell to divide and create haploid cells. These kind of cells are more complex than the cells being divided in the process of mitosis, i.e. germs, DNA, reproductive cells, etc.
The first stage of meiosis is the S-phase. This is when the mother cell divides to create the daughter cells. In this phase, the cells intertwine with each other and replicate.
The next phase is called the prophase. In the prophase stage, homolog pairing and synopsis occurs. This is when the matching cells are paired up with each other and are then analyzed. After the synopsis, the cells go through a genetic exchange to pair them with the chromosomes of both the mother cells.
When the cells are joined and paired off with their matching cells, they are divided. This process is called the metaphase. The cells are then equally divided so they are no longer in pairs.
The process of meiosis repeats itself every time the cell is required to divide.
There are 5 phases when cells reproduce; they are interphase, prophase, metaphase, anaphase and telephase. In interphase the cell grows rapidly, the chromosomes replicate and then the cells grows some more and prepares itself for cell division (mitosis). In prophase the cells just and then their nuclear membrane dissolves. division. In metaphase all the chromosome pars line up in the middle of the cell. In anaphase the chromosome pars split up and start to move to the top and bottom of the cells. They are pulled by spindle fibers. In the last stage the chromosomes actually get to the top and bottom of the cell. Then a nuclear membrane forms around the chromosomes at the top and at the bottom. There’s another part of telephase called cytokenisis. In cytokenisis the cytoplasm and organelles actually divide and move to the top and bottom of the cell. Then in an animal cell the cell membrane pinches to make two daughter cells and in a plant cell the cell wall is made to form two daughter cells.
Cells reproduce themselves by going through 5 phases. Cell reproduction is called cell Mitosis. The first phase is called Interphase. During Interphase, the cell grows and then gets ready for division by duplicating its genetic material. The second phase is Prophase. During prophase, the chromosomes shorten and get thicker. This is the only time that the chromosomes are visible during the cells life with the use of a light microscope. During this phase, the nuclear membrane dissolves. The Third step of mitosis is Metaphase. During the course of Metaphase, all of the chromosomes (double stranded) now line up in the middle of the cell. Now the cell enters Anaphase. In Anaphase, each of the chromosomes split and tiny fibers reach out from each of the poles and pull one side of the chromosomes over to that pole. If Anaphase is correctly completed, each daughter cell should have their own set of genetic information. The last stage of Mitosis is Telophase. During Telophase, the chromosomes are at each pole and a nuclear membrane forms around them. Now as a part of Telophase, Cytokinesis starts. The organelles and the cytoplasms separate into equal parts and the two new cells called the daughter cells are formed. This is the end of mitosis until it repeats again. Time for different cells mitosis (bone cells vs. skin cells) may be different.
There are a few ways for cell reproduction. This way of reproduction is only for less complex cells such as bacteria or single cell organisms. There are only 5 phases in this way of cell reproduction. The first stage (prophase) of mitosis (cell reproduction) is the nuclear membrane dissolves. The second phase is metaphase where the chromosomes pair up in the center of the cell. The third phase is anaphase: the chromosome pairs separate and start to move to the poles (the poles are like the north and south pole on the earth, therefore the chromosomes are moving to opposite ends of the cell) the chromosomes are being pulled by spindal fibres. The fifth phase of mitosis is telophase that has two parts in the first part the chromosomes reach the poles and the nuclear membrane forms around the chromosomes. The second part of telophase is the cell membrane pinches to form two daughter cells. The fifth phase is interphase wich has three parts 1 the cell grows rapidly, 2 chromosomes replicate, 3 the cell prepares for cell division then repeats mitosis.
When the cell reproduces there are five steps in the process, they are interphase, prophase, metaphase, anaphase and telephase. The first step is interphase The next step is prophase, the nuclear membrane dissolves inside the nucleus. In metaphase the chromosomes move to the middle of the cell and are now considered individual chromosomes. Then they attach to the fibers of the cell called, the spindle. This step is called anaphase. The last step of mitosis is called telophase starts after the chromosomes reach opposite ends of the cell. The nuclear envelope starts to form around the chromosomes on both sides of the cell. Next, a process called Cytokinesis begins. The process of Mitosis is finished but it keeps repeating it’s self over and over again.
Cells reproduce themselves in a series of steps. The first major step is called mitosis. In this step of reproduction, there are four mini steps. The first step is called prophase. In prophase the nuclear membrane dissolves within the cell. The second step is called metaphase. In metaphase, the chromosome pairs all line up in the center of the cell. Cells spend the least amount of time in metaphase. The third step is called anaphase. In anaphase the pairs of cells separate and start to move to the poles, which are pulled by the spindle fibers. The fourth step is called telophase. In telophase the chromosomes reach the poles, and the nuclear membrane forms around the chromosomes. Also, the cytoplasm and the organelles divide and move to the poles. For an animal cell, the cell membrane pinches to from two cells. For a plant cell, the cell wall is built up to form two daughter cells. Mitosis is finished and the last step of cell division is interphase. In this step the cells grow rapidly, the chromosomes duplicate, and then they grow and repair themselves so they will be ready for mitosis. Cells spend the most time in interphase. After the cell has gone through all of these following steps, the cell repeats itself over and over again until the cell dies.
Cells reproduce themselves by a cycle of cell division called mitosis. Single celled organisms or other organisms that have cells that are less complex use mitosis. There are five stages of mitosis, interphase, prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase. Cells are controlled by nucleus and it tell tells the cell to divide when the cell reaches the maximum size and it must divide when it is too big. When the cell has no nucleus, the cell divides with no control. These cells are often known as cancer cells, and they divide approximately every twenty-four hours. At the beginning of mitosis there is a mother cell, and after mitosis there are two daughter cells. In interphase, the cell grows then the genetic material in a cell duplicates, then it grows once again so that the cell is ready for division. After interphase, the nuclear membrane around the chromosomes dissolve and now two identical set sets of genetic information shorten and thicken. This stage is called prophase. During metaphase, the chromosome pairs line up in the center of the cell. Anaphase is when the chromosome pairs separate and start to move to opposite poles. The chromosomes are being pulled by spindle fibers at the end of each pole. The last stage is called telophase. During this stage the chromosomes reach the poles, and a nuclear membrane forms around each set of chromosomes. In telophase there is a step called cytokinesis. During cytokinesis the organelles and the cytoplasm divide and move to the poles as well. In animal cells, the cell membrane pinches two form two daughter cells, and in plant cells, the cell wall is built to form two daughter cells. Interphase repeats again because mitosis is a continuous cycle.
Cells reproduce themselves by a cycle of cell division called mitosis. Single celled organisms or other organisms that have cells that are less complex use mitosis. There are five stages of mitosis, interphase, prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase. Cells are controlled by nucleus and it tell tells the cell to divide when the cell reaches the maximum size and it must divide when it is too big. When the cell has no nucleus, the cell divides with no control. These cells are often known as cancer cells, and they divide approximately every twenty-four hours. At the beginning of mitosis there is a mother cell, and after mitosis there are two daughter cells. In interphase, the cell grows then the genetic material in a cell duplicates, then it grows once again so that the cell is ready for division. After interphase, the nuclear membrane around the chromosomes dissolve and now two identical set sets of genetic information shorten and thicken. This stage is called prophase. During metaphase, the chromosome pairs line up in the center of the cell. Anaphase is when the chromosome pairs separate and start to move to opposite poles. The chromosomes are being pulled by spindle fibers at the end of each pole. The last stage is called telophase. During this stage the chromosomes reach the poles, and a nuclear membrane forms around each set of chromosomes. In telophase there is a step called cytokinesis. During cytokinesis the organelles and the cytoplasm divide and move to the poles as well. In animal cells, the cell membrane pinches two form two daughter cells, and in plant cells, the cell wall is built to form two daughter cells. Interphase repeats again because mitosis is a continuous cycle. In other types of cells like reproductive ones, another process like mitosis takes place. This process is called meiosis.
Cells reproduce themselves by a cycle of cell division called mitosis. Single celled organisms or other organisms that have cells that are less complex use mitosis. There are five stages of mitosis, interphase, prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase. Cells are controlled by nucleus and it tell tells the cell to divide when the cell reaches the maximum size and it must divide when it is too big. When the cell has no nucleus, the cell divides with no control. These cells are often known as cancer cells, and they divide approximately every twenty-four hours. At the beginning of mitosis there is a mother cell, and after mitosis there are two daughter cells. In interphase, the cell grows then the genetic material in a cell duplicates, then it grows once again so that the cell is ready for division. After interphase, the nuclear membrane around the chromosomes dissolve and now two identical set sets of genetic information shorten and thicken. This stage is called prophase. During metaphase, the chromosome pairs line up in the center of the cell. Anaphase is when the chromosome pairs separate and start to move to opposite poles. The chromosomes are being pulled by spindle fibers at the end of each pole. The last stage is called telophase. During this stage the chromosomes reach the poles, and a nuclear membrane forms around each set of chromosomes. In telophase there is a step called cytokinesis. During cytokinesis the organelles and the cytoplasm divide and move to the poles as well. In animal cells, the cell membrane pinches two form two daughter cells, and in plant cells, the cell wall is built to form two daughter cells. Interphase repeats again because mitosis is a continuous cycle. In other types of cells, for example reproductive cells, a different process is used instead of mitosis. This process is called meiosis.
Cells reproduce themselves by a cycle of cell division called mitosis. Single celled organisms or other organisms that have cells that are less complex use mitosis. There are five stages of mitosis, interphase, prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase. Cells are controlled by nucleus and it tell tells the cell to divide when the cell reaches the maximum size and it must divide when it is too big. When the cell has no nucleus, the cell divides with no control. These cells are often known as cancer cells, and they divide approximately every twenty-four hours. At the beginning of mitosis there is a mother cell, and after mitosis there are two daughter cells. In interphase, the cell grows then the genetic material in a cell duplicates, then it grows once again so that the cell is ready for division. After interphase, the nuclear membrane around the chromosomes dissolve and now two identical set sets of genetic information shorten and thicken. This stage is called prophase. During metaphase, the chromosome pairs line up in the center of the cell. Anaphase is when the chromosome pairs separate and start to move to opposite poles. The chromosomes are being pulled by spindle fibers at the end of each pole. The last stage is called telophase. During this stage the chromosomes reach the poles, and a nuclear membrane forms around each set of chromosomes. In telophase there is a step called cytokinesis. During cytokinesis the organelles and the cytoplasm divide and move to the poles as well. In animal cells, the cell membrane pinches two form two daughter cells, and in plant cells, the cell wall is built to form two daughter cells. Interphase repeats again because mitosis is a continuous cycle. In other types of cells, for example reproductive cells, a different process is used instead of mitosis. This process is called meiosis.
Cells reproduce themselves by a cycle of cell division called mitosis. Single celled organisms or other organisms that have cells that are less complex use mitosis. There are five stages of mitosis, interphase, prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase. Cells are controlled by nucleus and it tell tells the cell to divide when the cell reaches the maximum size and it must divide when it is too big. When the cell has no nucleus, the cell divides with no control. These cells are often known as cancer cells, and they divide approximately every twenty-four hours. At the beginning of mitosis there is a mother cell, and after mitosis there are two daughter cells. In interphase, the cell grows then the genetic material in a cell duplicates, then it grows once again so that the cell is ready for division. After interphase, the nuclear membrane around the chromosomes dissolve and now two identical set sets of genetic information shorten and thicken. This stage is called prophase. During metaphase, the chromosome pairs line up in the center of the cell. Anaphase is when the chromosome pairs separate and start to move to opposite poles. The chromosomes are being pulled by spindle fibers at the end of each pole. The last stage is called telophase. During this stage the chromosomes reach the poles, and a nuclear membrane forms around each set of chromosomes. In telophase there is a step called cytokinesis. During cytokinesis the organelles and the cytoplasm divide and move to the poles as well. In animal cells, the cell membrane pinches two form two daughter cells, and in plant cells, the cell wall is built to form two daughter cells. Interphase repeats again because mitosis is a continuous cycle. In other types of cells, for example reproductive cells, a different process is used instead of mitosis. This process is called meiosis.
Cells reproduce themselves by a cycle of cell division called mitosis. Single celled organisms or other organisms that have cells that are less complex use mitosis. There are five stages of mitosis, interphase, prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase. Cells are controlled by nucleus and it tell tells the cell to divide when the cell reaches the maximum size and it must divide when it is too big. When the cell has no nucleus, the cell divides with no control. These cells are often known as cancer cells, and they divide approximately every twenty-four hours. At the beginning of mitosis there is a mother cell, and after mitosis there are two daughter cells. In interphase, the cell grows then the genetic material in a cell duplicates, then it grows once again so that the cell is ready for division. After interphase, the nuclear membrane around the chromosomes dissolve and now two identical set sets of genetic information shorten and thicken. This stage is called prophase. During metaphase, the chromosome pairs line up in the center of the cell. Anaphase is when the chromosome pairs separate and start to move to opposite poles. The chromosomes are being pulled by spindle fibers at the end of each pole. The last stage is called telophase. During this stage the chromosomes reach the poles, and a nuclear membrane forms around each set of chromosomes. In telophase there is a step called cytokinesis. During cytokinesis the organelles and the cytoplasm divide and move to the poles as well. In animal cells, the cell membrane pinches two form two daughter cells, and in plant cells, the cell wall is built to form two daughter cells. Interphase repeats again because mitosis is a continuous cycle. In other types of cells, for example reproductive cells, a different process is used instead of mitosis. This process is called meiosis.
Cells reproduce themselves by a cycle of cell division called mitosis. Single celled organisms or other organisms that have cells that are less complex use mitosis. There are five stages of mitosis, interphase, prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase. Cells are controlled by nucleus and it tell tells the cell to divide when the cell reaches the maximum size and it must divide when it is too big. When the cell has no nucleus, the cell divides with no control. These cells are often known as cancer cells, and they divide approximately every twenty-four hours. At the beginning of mitosis there is a mother cell, and after mitosis there are two daughter cells. In interphase, the cell grows then the genetic material in a cell duplicates, then it grows once again so that the cell is ready for division. After interphase, the nuclear membrane around the chromosomes dissolve and now two identical set sets of genetic information shorten and thicken. This stage is called prophase. During metaphase, the chromosome pairs line up in the center of the cell. Anaphase is when the chromosome pairs separate and start to move to opposite poles. The chromosomes are being pulled by spindle fibers at the end of each pole. The last stage is called telophase. During this stage the chromosomes reach the poles, and a nuclear membrane forms around each set of chromosomes. In telophase there is a step called cytokinesis. During cytokinesis the organelles and the cytoplasm divide and move to the poles as well. In animal cells, the cell membrane pinches two form two daughter cells, and in plant cells, the cell wall is built to form two daughter cells. Interphase repeats again because mitosis is a continuous cycle. In other types of cells, for example reproductive cells, a different process is used instead of mitosis. This process is called meiosis.
Cells reproduce themselves by a cycle of cell division called mitosis. Single celled organisms or other organisms that have cells that are less complex use mitosis. There are five stages of mitosis, interphase, prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase. Cells are controlled by nucleus and it tell tells the cell to divide when the cell reaches the maximum size and it must divide when it is too big. When the cell has no nucleus, the cell divides with no control. These cells are often known as cancer cells, and they divide approximately every twenty-four hours. At the beginning of mitosis there is a mother cell, and after mitosis there are two daughter cells. In interphase, the cell grows then the genetic material in a cell duplicates, then it grows once again so that the cell is ready for division. After interphase, the nuclear membrane around the chromosomes dissolve and now two identical set sets of genetic information shorten and thicken. This stage is called prophase. During metaphase, the chromosome pairs line up in the center of the cell. Anaphase is when the chromosome pairs separate and start to move to opposite poles. The chromosomes are being pulled by spindle fibers at the end of each pole. The last stage is called telophase. During this stage the chromosomes reach the poles, and a nuclear membrane forms around each set of chromosomes. In telophase there is a step called cytokinesis. During cytokinesis the organelles and the cytoplasm divide and move to the poles as well. In animal cells, the cell membrane pinches two form two daughter cells, and in plant cells, the cell wall is built to form two daughter cells. Interphase repeats again because mitosis is a continuous cycle. In other types of cells, for example reproductive cells, a different process is used instead of mitosis. This process is called meiosis.
Cells go through 5 phases to reproduce called Mitosis. The first phase is Interphase. During Interphase the cell grows and duplicates it's genetic material. The second phase is Prophase. When the cell enters prophase, the chromosomes shorten and get thicker. The Chromosomes are visable and the nuclear membrane dissolves. The 3rd phase is Metaphase. During metaphase, the chromosomes and lined up in the middle of the cell. The 4th phase is Anaphase. When the cell is going through anaphase the spindle fibers reach over to the chromosomes and bring one side of it over to that pole. The final phase is Telophase. During Telophase, the nuclear membrane forms around the chromosomes. Telophase is the final phase untill the cell goes through Mitosis again, starting at Interphase, going to Telophase.
Amer Almootassem said: Cells reproduce in various ways. Cells reproduce asexually. In asexual reproduction only one cell is involved. There are many types of asexual reproduction. In binary fission, the mother cell splits into two identical daughter cells with identical genetic information. Usually single celled organisms under goes binary fission. The second type is budding; the organism buds out of the parent and then breaks of the parent and becomes an organism on its own. The third type is fragmentation; if the organism was cut from its central, the cut parts will grow the missing parts and become a complete organism. During spore formation, the parent cell produces many tiny, identical cells called spores. Each spore is housed in the parent cell and has a tough, resistant coating to protect them incase the parent cell dies. In vegetative reproduction, the plant produces runners and each runner can grow a plant. Asexual reproduction is a form of reproduction that involves interphase and mitosis. During interphase, the cell grows and readies for cell division by duplicating its chromosomes. Then another growth readies the cell for division. The first stage of mitosis is prophase. In prophase, the chromosomes shorten and thicken and become double stranded. Then they become visible under the light microscopes. The nuclear membrane starts to dissolve. In metaphase, the double stranded chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell. In anaphase, the chromosomes splits into two halves and move to the poles of the cell. In telophase, the chromosomes reach the opposite poles of the cell and the nuclear membrane begins to form around each set. Then Cytokinesis begins, the cytoplasm and the organelles separate into equal parts, and the two daughter cells are formed. Cells can also repruduce sexually. In sexual reproduction, the genetic information from two cells is combined to produce a new organism. Usually, two specialized sex cells are involved on the repoduction. Sexual reproduction is a form of reproduction that involves meiosis. Meiosis has two stages. The first stage is called meiosis I. In meiosis I, the homologous chromosomes move to the opposiste poles of the dividing cell. The scond stage is called meiosis II. In meiosis II the chromosomes are divided and move to the opposite poles.
Amer Almootassem said: Cells reproduce in various ways. Cells reproduce asexually. In asexual reproduction only one cell is involved. There are many types of asexual reproduction. In binary fission, the mother cell splits into two identical daughter cells with identical genetic information. Usually single celled organisms under goes binary fission. The second type is budding; the organism buds out of the parent and then breaks of the parent and becomes an organism on its own. The third type is fragmentation; if the organism was cut from its central, the parts will grow the missing parts and become a complete organism. During spore formation, the parent cell produces many tiny, identical cells called spores. Each spore is housed in the parent cell and has a tough, resistant coating to protect them incase the parent cell dies. In vegetative reproduction, the plant produces runners and each runner can grow a plant. Asexual reproduction is a form of reproduction that involves interphase and mitosis. During interphase, the cell grows and readies for cell division by duplicating its chromosomes. Then another growth readies the cell for division. The first stage of mitosis is prophase. In prophase, the chromosomes shorten and thicken and become double stranded. Then they become visible under the light microscopes. The nuclear membrane starts to dissolve. In metaphase, the double stranded chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell. In anaphase, the chromosomes splits into two halves and move to the poles of the cell. In telophase, the chromosomes reach the opposite poles of the cell and the nuclear membrane begins to form around each set. Then Cytokinesis begins, the cytoplasm and the organelles separate into equal parts, and the two daughter cells are formed. Cells can also repruduce sexually. In sexual reproduction, the genetic information from two cells is combined to produce a new organism. Usually, two specialized sex cells are involved on the repoduction. Sexual reproduction is a form of reproduction that involves meiosis. Meiosis has two stages. The first stage is called meiosis I. In meiosis I, the homologous chromosomes move to the opposiste poles of the dividing cell. The scond stage is called meiosis II. In meiosis II the chromosomes are divided and move to the opposite poles.
Cells reproduce themselves through five phases which are Interphase and mitosis, prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and last but not least telophase. During interphase the cell makes new material and continously grows. The next stage of cell reproduction is actually the first stage of mitosis which is called prophase. During prophase the nuclear membrane of the cell dissolves. The next step or phase of cell division called metaphase this is when the chromosomes move to the middle of the cell. Once the chromosomes have moved to the middle of the cell the chromosomes then start moving to either end of the cell by the pull of spindle fibers on either end of the cell. Once the chromosomes have fully moved to either end of the cell the process of telophase begins and along with telophase something else happens. The special thing that happens during telophase is called Cytokinesis which is when the organelles join the chromosomes at either end of the cell. This process leaves a gap in the middle of the cell allowing the cell membrane to pinch together forming 2 daughter cells that are exactly the same as one another. The same processes would happen to a plant cell except that during cytokinesis part of telophase instead of the cell membrane pinching to create the daughter cells the plant cell builds a new cell wall inbetween the 2 poles in order to creat the new daughter cells. This process of interphase and mitosis is continous so it will happen over and over again.
Cells reproduce in a series of five steps. First is the way in which the cell reproduces is called Mitosis. Without Mitosis we would not be alive and the cell would have a short lived life. The first step of Mitosis is called Interphase. While in Interphase the cell grows and gets ready for duplication of the cells genetic material. The next step after Interphase is called Prophase. During Prophase the chromosomes are visible as they grow and thicken, with the help of a light microscope. Also during this phase, the nuclear membrane dissolves. The third step of mitosis is called Metaphase. During Metaphase all the double stranded chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell and gets ready for the next step. The cell now enters Anaphase. In Anaphase, each chromosome splits and travel to the poles of the cell. If done correctly, each daughter cell that the cell reproduces will contain their own set of genetic information. The last but not least step of Mitosis is called Telophase. The chromosomes at each pole form a nuclear membrane around themselves. Cytokinesis is also part of Telophase. As each pole finishes their nuclear membrane the organelles and the cytoplasm’s both separate into equal parts to make two new cells. These cells are called daughter cells. The way these cells “split” differs from plant and animal cells. In animal cells the cell “pinches” to separate. While in a plant cell, the cell splits right through the middle and forms a cell wall around itself at the time. The amount of time it takes for a cell to go through mitosis differs between other cells (ex: Brain Cells and Bone Cells).
Cells reproduce in a series of five steps. First is the way in which the cell reproduces is called Mitosis. Without Mitosis we would not be alive and the cell would have a short lived life. The first step of Mitosis is called Interphase. While in Interphase the cell grows and gets ready for duplication of the cells genetic material. The next step after Interphase is called Prophase. During Prophase the chromosomes are visible as they grow and thicken, with the help of a light microscope. Also during this phase, the nuclear membrane dissolves. The third step of mitosis is called Metaphase. During Metaphase all the double stranded chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell and gets ready for the next step. The cell now enters Anaphase. In Anaphase, each chromosome splits and travel to the poles of the cell. If done correctly, each daughter cell that the cell reproduces will contain their own set of genetic information. The last but not least step of Mitosis is called Telophase. The chromosomes at each pole form a nuclear membrane around themselves. Cytokinesis is also part of Telophase. As each pole finishes their nuclear membrane the organelles and the cytoplasm’s both separate into equal parts to make two new cells. These cells are called daughter cells. The way these cells “split” differs from plant and animal cells. In animal cells the cell “pinches” to separate. While in a plant cell, the cell splits right through the middle and forms a cell wall around itself at the time. The amount of time it takes for a cell to go through mitosis differs between other cells (ex: Brain Cells and Bone Cells).
Some cells reproduce themselves in asexual reproduction (mitosis) or sexual reproduction (mitosis; but we are talking about how cells reproduce themselves, so I will talk about asexual reproduction). In asexual reproduction, only one parent is needed, unlike sexual reproduction where 2 parents are needed; the daughter cells produced are exactly the same as the mother cell and has the same genetic information. Cells that reproduce asexually go through a process called mitosis; this process includes 5 phases that the cells need to go through in order to produce reproduce themselves. The five phases are: prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase (and cytokinesis) and interphase.
Prophase: Chromatin in the nucleus begins to condense and becomes visible in the light microscope as chromosomes. The nucleolus disappears. Centrioles begin moving to opposite ends of the cell and fibers extend from the centromeres. The nuclear membrane dissolves, marking the beginning of prometaphase. Protiens attach to the centromere creating the kinetochores. Microtubules attach at the kinetochores and the chromosomes begin moving.
Metaphase: Spindle fibers line the chromosomes along the middle of the cell nucleus. This is referred to as the metaphase plate. This helps to ensure that in the next phase, when the chromosomes are separated, each new nucleus will receive one copy of each chromosome. Chromosomes are lined up in the center.
Anaphase: The paired chromosomes separate at the kinetochores and move to opposite poles of the cell pulled by the spindle fibers. Motion results from a combination of kinetochore movement along the spindle microtubules and through the physical interaction of polar microtubles.
Telophase: Chromatids (chromosomes) arrive at opposite poles of cell, and a nuclear membrane begins to form around each set (form around the daughter nuclei). The chromosomes disperse and are no longer visible under the light microscope. The spindle fibers disperse, and cytokinesis begins. Cytokinesis: The cytoplasm and organelles separate into roughly equal parts, and the two daughter cells are formed. In animal cells, the cell membrane pinches to form two daughter cells. And in the plant cell, a cell wall is built to form two daughter cells.
Interphase: The daughter cells grow rapidly, then the chromosomes duplicate and then they grow and prepare for mitosis. Then the whole process runs all over again.
This process enables and allows the cells to reproduce themselves through mitosis (asexual reproduction) and as a result the daughter cells are exactly the same as the parent (mother cell). Unlike mitosis, meiosis (sexual reproduction) needs two parents (a sex cell and a sperm) to produce a zygote (fertilized egg). And in meiosis, the zygote is not exactly the same as the parents; the egg receives half of the chromosomes from the mother and the other half from the father. For example humans, the child would receive 23 chromosomes from the mother and 23 chromosomes from the father and this explains why everyone is so different because we receive half from our father's and the other half from our mother's.
Cells reproduce themselves in asexual reproduction (mitosis) or sexual reproduction (mitosis).In asexual reproduction, only one parent is needed, unlike sexual reproduction where 2 parents are needed; the daughter cells produced are exactly the same as the mother cell and has the same genetic information. Cells that reproduce asexually go through a process called mitosis; this process includes 5 phases that the cells need to go through in order to reproduce themselves. The five phases are: prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase (and cytokinesis) and interphase.
Prophase: Chromatin in the nucleus begins to condense and becomes visible in the light microscope as chromosomes. The nucleolus disappears. Centrioles begin moving to opposite ends of the cell and fibers extend from the centromeres. The nuclear membrane dissolves, marking the beginning of prometaphase. Protiens attach to the centromere creating the kinetochores. Microtubules attach at the kinetochores and the chromosomes begin moving.
Metaphase: Spindle fibers line the chromosomes along the middle of the cell nucleus. This is referred to as the metaphase plate. This helps to ensure that in the next phase, when the chromosomes are separated, each new nucleus will receive one copy of each chromosome. Chromosomes are lined up in the center.
Anaphase: The paired chromosomes separate at the kinetochores and move to opposite poles of the cell pulled by the spindle fibers. Motion results from a combination of kinetochore movement along the spindle microtubules and through the physical interaction of polar microtubles.
Telophase: Chromatids (chromosomes) arrive at opposite poles of cell, and a nuclear membrane begins to form around each set (form around the daughter nuclei). The chromosomes disperse and are no longer visible under the light microscope. The spindle fibers disperse, and cytokinesis begins. Cytokinesis: The cytoplasm and organelles separate into roughly equal parts, and the two daughter cells are formed. In animal cells, the cell membrane pinches to form two daughter cells. And in the plant cell, a cell wall is built to form two daughter cells.
Interphase: The daughter cells grow rapidly, then the chromosomes duplicate and then they grow and prepare for mitosis. Then the whole process runs all over again.
This process enables and allows the cells to reproduce themselves through mitosis (asexual reproduction) and as a result the daughter cells are exactly the same as the parent (mother cell). Unlike mitosis, meiosis (sexual reproduction) needs two parents (a sex cell and a sperm) to produce a zygote (fertilized egg). And in meiosis, the zygote is not exactly the same as the parents; the egg receives half of the chromosomes from the mother and the other half from the father. For example humans, the child would receive 23 chromosomes from the mother and 23 chromosomes from the father and this explains why everyone is so different because we receive half from our fathers and the other half from our mothers.
Cells reproduce themselves in asexual reproduction (mitosis) or sexual reproduction (mitosis). In asexual reproduction, only one parent is needed, unlike sexual reproduction where 2 parents are needed; the daughter cells produced are exactly the same as the mother cell and has the same genetic information. Cells that reproduce asexually go through a process called mitosis; this process includes 5 phases that the cells need to go through in order to reproduce themselves. The five phases are: prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase (and cytokinesis) and interphase.
Prophase: Chromatin in the nucleus begins to condense and becomes visible in the light microscope as chromosomes. The nucleolus disappears. Centrioles begin moving to opposite ends of the cell and fibers extend from the centromeres. The nuclear membrane dissolves, marking the beginning of prometaphase. Protiens attach to the centromere creating the kinetochores. Microtubules attach at the kinetochores and the chromosomes begin moving.
Metaphase: Spindle fibers line the chromosomes along the middle of the cell nucleus. This is referred to as the metaphase plate. This helps to ensure that in the next phase, when the chromosomes are separated, each new nucleus will receive one copy of each chromosome. Chromosomes are lined up in the center.
Anaphase: The paired chromosomes separate at the kinetochores and move to opposite poles of the cell pulled by the spindle fibers. Motion results from a combination of kinetochore movement along the spindle microtubules and through the physical interaction of polar microtubles.
Telophase: Chromatids (chromosomes) arrive at opposite poles of cell, and a nuclear membrane begins to form around each set (form around the daughter nuclei). The chromosomes disperse and are no longer visible under the light microscope. The spindle fibers disperse, and cytokinesis begins. Cytokinesis: The cytoplasm and organelles separate into roughly equal parts, and the two daughter cells are formed. In animal cells, the cell membrane pinches to form two daughter cells. And in the plant cell, a cell wall is built to form two daughter cells.
Interphase: The daughter cells grow rapidly, then the chromosomes duplicate and then they grow and prepare for mitosis. Then the whole process runs all over again.
This process enables and allows the cells to reproduce themselves through mitosis (asexual reproduction) and as a result the daughter cells are exactly the same as the parent (mother cell). Unlike mitosis, meiosis (sexual reproduction) needs two parents (a sex cell and a sperm) to produce a zygote (fertilized egg). And in meiosis, the zygote is not exactly the same as the parents; the egg receives half of the chromosomes from the mother and the other half from the father. For example humans, the child would receive 23 chromosomes from the mother and 23 chromosomes from the father and this explains why everyone is so different because we receive half from our fathers and the other half from our mothers.
When cells reproduce it is called MITOSIS.The definition of mitosis is: The process by which a cell seperates, it's duplicated genes into two identical haves. Mitosis has phases and when a cell reproduces it goes threw these phases. The phases are named in order: Interphase, Prophase,Metaphase,anaphase, Telophase which has cytokenisis(a special part in the cycle). In interphase The cell grows rapidly and when the cell readches it's full size it will reproduce. After that the chromosomes duplicate and then the cell grows rapidly again. In prophase The nuclear membrane breaks down and the chromosomes get thicker and get shorter. After this the chromosomes become two chromatids. In metaphase The spindles on both poles appear, the chromosomes are lying in the center of the cell (equator). The spindles are now starting to reach for the chromosomes. In Anaphase the spindles pull the chromosomes toward opposite poles. Finally in telophase the chromosomes have fully migrated to the opposite poles and then the plasma membrane pinches down along the middle making two different cells. There you have reproduction of cells. This process is continuos.
Cells reproduce themselves by using five main processes. These processes are interphase, prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telephase (including cytokinesis). In interphase a mother cell divides in to two daughter cells. At this point the cells grow rapidly, the chromosomes duplicate and then the cell grows and prepares for mitosis. Most of the process is spent during interphase. The rest of the process can also be referred to as mitosis (which of course is the combination of prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telephase). During prophase the cell membrane dissolves and the chromosomes contract (come extremely close together). The next step is metaphase where the chromosomes merge into a straight line in the centre of the cell. After this process is completed anaphase begins. During anaphase the chromosomes separate and move towards the two poles (north an south). These chromosomes are pulled by spindle fibers (filaments that come from the poles). After this step comes telephase. During telephase the chromosomes finally reach the two poles and the nuclear membrane forms around the chromosomes. Then cytokinesis occurs (which is a part of telephase). During cytokinesis the cytoplasm and organelles divide and move towards the poles where the chromosomes are inside the cell membrane. After this one of two things can occur depending on what kind of cell is being examined. If it is an animal cell the cell membrane will pinch to form two daughter cells (just like a balloon) and if it is a plant cell a cell wall will form to create two daughter cells. Then, of course, the whole process is repeated to form four new daughter cells. This process is how cell reproduce them asexually. Cells reproduce themselves using meiosis which occurs when two separate cells come together and combine genetic information and chromosomes to create a new cell (needs two sex chromosomes). This is how humans and most animals reproduce. This process occurs when two cells reproduce sexually.
Cells reproduce themselves by using five main processes. These processes are interphase, prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telephase (including cytokinesis). In interphase a mother cell divides in to two daughter cells. At this point the cells grow rapidly, the chromosomes duplicate and then the cell grows and prepares for mitosis. Most of the process is spent during interphase. The rest of the process can also be referred to as mitosis (which of course is the combination of prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telephase). During prophase the cell membrane dissolves and the chromosomes contract (come extremely close together). The next step is metaphase where the chromosomes merge into a straight line in the centre of the cell. After this process is completed anaphase begins. During anaphase the chromosomes separate and move towards the two poles (north an south). These chromosomes are pulled by spindle fibers (filaments that come from the poles). After this step comes telephase. During telephase the chromosomes finally reach the two poles and the nuclear membrane forms around the chromosomes. Then cytokinesis occurs (which is a part of telephase). During cytokinesis the cytoplasm and organelles divide and move towards the poles where the chromosomes are inside the cell membrane. After this one of two things can occur depending on what kind of cell is being examined. If it is an animal cell the cell membrane will pinch to form two daughter cells (just like a balloon) and if it is a plant cell a cell wall will form to create two daughter cells. Then, of course, the whole process is repeated to form four new daughter cells. This process is how cell reproduce them asexually. Cells reproduce themselves using meiosis which occurs when two separate cells come together and combine genetic information and chromosomes to create a new cell (needs two sex chromosomes). This is how humans and most animals reproduce. This process occurs when two cells reproduce sexually.
Cells reproduce bt cell division - Mitosis. In Mitosis, they have to go through 5 steps. The first step is Prophase. In prophase, the nuclear membrane in the cell dissolves. The Second step is Metaphase. In Metaphase, the chromosomes pairs line up in the center of the cell. The third step is Anaphase. In Anaphase, The chromosomes pairs seperate and start to move to the poles pulled by spindle fibers. The Fourth step is Telaphase. In Telephase, the chromosomes reach the poles, and the numclear membrane forms around the chromosomes. The second part of Telephase is called Cytokinesis. In Cytokinesis, the cytoplasm and the organelles divide, and move to the poles. Also, the cell membrane pinches to form two daughter cells in animals, and the cell wall is built to form two daughter cells in plants. The fifth step is Interphase. In interphase, the daughter cells grows rapidly, the chromosomes duplication, and then the cell grows and prepares for Mitosis. When the cell reaches Mitosis, the same steps happen - again, and again...
Cells reproduce themselves by using mitosis. There are 5 stages of mitosis. They are interphase, prophase, metaphase.anaphase and telophase.The cell starts at interphase. In interphase there are 3 steps. First the cell grows rapidly and then the chromosomes duplicate. After that the cell grows and prepares for mitosis. Then mitosis begins. The cell starts at prophase. In prophase the nuclear membrane dissolves. Then the cell goes into metaphase. In metaphase the chromosome pairs line up in the centre of the cell. Then the cell goes into anaphase. In anaphase the chromosomes pairs separate and start to move to the poles pulled by the spindle fibers. Then the cell goes into telophase. In telophase chromosomes reach the poles and the nuclear membrane forms around the chromosomes. Then cytokinesis begins. For plants a cell wall is built to form two daughter cells. For animals the two cells pinch each other to form two daughter cells. Then the cell cycle starts all over again from interphase to telophase and back again. Nidhi Patel
There are many ways a cell can reproduce. The two main categories that cells reproduce are mitosis and meiosis. Meiosis is sexual reproduction and mitosis is asexual reproduction. There are four ways to have sexual reproduction-internal fertilization, external fertilization, hermaphrodites and conjugation. Overall, meiosis involves two parent cells and the new cell has characteristics from both the parents. For internal reproduction, two sexes engage in intercourse. With external fertilization, the female parent can lay eggs and then a male comes by and covers the eggs with sperm. Hermaphrodites are organisms that have the sexual parts of both male and female organisms. This means that the organism can fertilize itself although two cells (one sperm cell and one egg cell) are still required. The last form of meiosis-conjugation-occurs in bacteria. When the two cells come in contact they fuse together, exchange genetic information, and then split apart again. Under mitosis there are 5 types of asexual reproduction. These types are binary fission, budding, fragmentation, spore formation and vegetative reproduction. In all types of mitosis there is only one parent(mother) cell and the new cells are identical to the mother cell. This also means they go through the 5 phases mitosis-interphase, prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase. During interphase the cell grows and duplicates all it's genetic information. After that, the nuclear membrane disappears in a step called prophase. The duplicated chromosomes go to the middle of the cell in metaphase then the chromosomes split up and head to separate sides of the cell in anaphase. Lastly during telophase the chromosome reach the opposite poles of the cell and then the new nuclear membranes form. Cytoplasm and the other organelles also divide up into the two new cells. For binary fission the organism divides equally into two parts. With budding the new cell grows out of the parent and eventually falls off forming a new organism. If a piece of certain organism breaks off, a new organism will grow off of that piece in fragmentation. In vegetative reproduction, plants grow runners that will make a new plant. Lastly, for spore formation, spores form in the parent cell and eventually create its own organism.
Cell reproduction has 5 different steps. The proper terminology for cell reproduction is mitosis. The 3 functions a cell has are growing, repair, and reproduce. The first step to mitosis is interphase. During interphase the cell is preparing for division by doubling it genetic material. The next process is prophase. Prophase is the step in which the chromosomes grow, become thicker but decrease in size. At this stage we can identify the chromosomes with strong microscopes. This is when the nuclear membrane dissolves. The third step is referred to as metaphase. Metaphase is when the pairs of chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell and get ready for the next stage. Anaphase is the fourth stage in which the chromosomes split up and move to opposite poles, at different ends of the cell. The pull or attraction is created by spindle fibers at each of the poles. The last step to mitosis is telophase. During telophase the chromosomes reach the poles on each end and membrane develops over each set of chromosomes. This is when a new cell is made.
31 comments:
Cells reproduce themselves by going through interphase and mitosis. Interphase has three steps. First the cell grows bigger. Then the cell divides the chromosomes it has, then grows again. When interphase has finished, mitosis begins. First the nuclear membrane of the nucleus dissolves, this is the prophase. Then metaphase begins when the chromosomes in the cell move to the middle of the cell. There anaphase begins when the chromosomes start to move to each of the poles in the cell by spindle fibers. When the chromosomes reach both pole telephase has begun and a special part of telephaes has begun. Cytokinesis is the part of telephase where the cytoplasm and organllels move each pole with the chromosomes. This allows the cell membrane to pinch together and create two daugter cells that are exactly alike in animal cells. In plant cell when the cytokinesis part of telephase happens, a new cell wall is built to seperate the two daugther cells. After the two daugther cells interphase begins again. This process of interpahse and mitosis is neverending.
Rye Guiboche
Mitosis- Mitosis is the reproduction of less complex cells, for an example, bacteria, single celled organisms, smaller plant cells, etc. The three functions of cells that mitosis contribute to are growth, repair, and reproduction (where mitosis steps in). When cells get to a certain size, they are too large and must divide, or duplicate. This stage is called mitosis. In mitosis, there are 5 stages in dividing a cell.
The first stage of mitosis is interphase. This is when the cell that needs to divide (the mother cell) divides itself to create 2 other cells (daughter cells). The daughter cells both have the exact same chromosomes as the mother cell.
Next, comes the prophase. This is when the nuclear membrane dissolves off of both of the daughter cells.
Thirdly, the chromosome lines up the daughter cells in the center of the chromosome. This is called the metaphase.
The next step is called the anaphase. This is when the chromosome pairs separate. The chromosomes start to move to opposite ends. The chromosomes are being pulled by spindle fibres. Spindle fibres are protein structures inside cells.
Lastly, there is the telophase. This is when the chromosomes reach their opposite ends and form their own nuclear membrane.
After this process, these 5 stages repeat themselves over and over again when the cells need to divide.
Meiosis-
Meiosis is a process that allows a diploid cell to divide and create haploid cells. These kind of cells are more complex than the cells being divided in the process of mitosis, i.e. germs, DNA, reproductive cells, etc.
The first stage of meiosis is the S-phase. This is when the mother cell divides to create the daughter cells. In this phase, the cells intertwine with each other and replicate.
The next phase is called the prophase. In the prophase stage, homolog pairing and synopsis occurs. This is when the matching cells are paired up with each other and are then analyzed. After the synopsis, the cells go through a genetic exchange to pair them with the chromosomes of both the mother cells.
When the cells are joined and paired off with their matching cells, they are divided. This process is called the metaphase. The cells are then equally divided so they are no longer in pairs.
The process of meiosis repeats itself every time the cell is required to divide.
There are 5 phases when cells reproduce; they are interphase, prophase, metaphase, anaphase and telephase.
In interphase the cell grows rapidly, the chromosomes replicate and then the cells grows some more and prepares itself for cell division (mitosis).
In prophase the cells just and then their nuclear membrane dissolves. division.
In metaphase all the chromosome pars line up in the middle of the cell.
In anaphase the chromosome pars split up and start to move to the top and bottom of the cells. They are pulled by spindle fibers.
In the last stage the chromosomes actually get to the top and bottom of the cell. Then a nuclear membrane forms around the chromosomes at the top and at the bottom. There’s another part of telephase called cytokenisis. In cytokenisis the cytoplasm and organelles actually divide and move to the top and bottom of the cell. Then in an animal cell the cell membrane pinches to make two daughter cells and in a plant cell the cell wall is made to form two daughter cells.
Cells reproduce themselves by going through 5 phases. Cell reproduction is called cell Mitosis. The first phase is called Interphase. During Interphase, the cell grows and then gets ready for division by duplicating its genetic material. The second phase is Prophase. During prophase, the chromosomes shorten and get thicker. This is the only time that the chromosomes are visible during the cells life with the use of a light microscope. During this phase, the nuclear membrane dissolves. The Third step of mitosis is Metaphase. During the course of Metaphase, all of the chromosomes (double stranded) now line up in the middle of the cell. Now the cell enters Anaphase. In Anaphase, each of the chromosomes split and tiny fibers reach out from each of the poles and pull one side of the chromosomes over to that pole. If Anaphase is correctly completed, each daughter cell should have their own set of genetic information. The last stage of Mitosis is Telophase. During Telophase, the chromosomes are at each pole and a nuclear membrane forms around them. Now as a part of Telophase, Cytokinesis starts. The organelles and the cytoplasms separate into equal parts and the two new cells called the daughter cells are formed. This is the end of mitosis until it repeats again. Time for different cells mitosis (bone cells vs. skin cells) may be different.
By: Brandon Robinson
There are a few ways for cell reproduction. This way of reproduction is only for less complex cells such as bacteria or single cell organisms. There are only 5 phases in this way of cell reproduction. The first stage (prophase) of mitosis (cell reproduction) is the nuclear membrane dissolves. The second phase is metaphase where the chromosomes pair up in the center of the cell. The third phase is anaphase: the chromosome pairs separate and start to move to the poles (the poles are like the north and south pole on the earth, therefore the chromosomes are moving to opposite ends of the cell) the chromosomes are being pulled by spindal fibres. The fifth phase of mitosis is telophase that has two parts in the first part the chromosomes reach the poles and the nuclear membrane forms around the chromosomes. The second part of telophase is the cell membrane pinches to form two daughter cells. The fifth phase is interphase wich has three parts 1 the cell grows rapidly, 2 chromosomes replicate, 3 the cell prepares for cell division then repeats mitosis.
When the cell reproduces there are five steps in the process, they are interphase, prophase, metaphase, anaphase and telephase. The first step is interphase
The next step is prophase, the nuclear membrane dissolves inside the nucleus.
In metaphase the chromosomes move to the middle of the cell and are now considered individual chromosomes.
Then they attach to the fibers of the cell called, the spindle. This step is called anaphase.
The last step of mitosis is called telophase starts after the chromosomes reach opposite ends of the cell. The nuclear envelope starts to form around the chromosomes on both sides of the cell. Next, a process called Cytokinesis begins.
The process of Mitosis is finished but it keeps repeating it’s self over and over again.
Cells reproduce themselves in a series of steps. The first major step is called mitosis. In this step of reproduction, there are four mini steps. The first step is called prophase. In prophase the nuclear membrane dissolves within the cell. The second step is called metaphase. In metaphase, the chromosome pairs all line up in the center of the cell. Cells spend the least amount of time in metaphase. The third step is called anaphase. In anaphase the pairs of cells separate and start to move to the poles, which are pulled by the spindle fibers. The fourth step is called telophase. In telophase the chromosomes reach the poles, and the nuclear membrane forms around the chromosomes. Also, the cytoplasm and the organelles divide and move to the poles. For an animal cell, the cell membrane pinches to from two cells. For a plant cell, the cell wall is built up to form two daughter cells. Mitosis is finished and the last step of cell division is interphase. In this step the cells grow rapidly, the chromosomes duplicate, and then they grow and repair themselves so they will be ready for mitosis. Cells spend the most time in interphase. After the cell has gone through all of these following steps, the cell repeats itself over and over again until the cell dies.
-Ashley Gillespie-Bougie
Cells reproduce themselves by a cycle of cell division called mitosis. Single celled organisms or other organisms that have cells that are less complex use mitosis. There are five stages of mitosis, interphase, prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase. Cells are controlled by nucleus and it tell tells the cell to divide when the cell reaches the maximum size and it must divide when it is too big. When the cell has no nucleus, the cell divides with no control. These cells are often known as cancer cells, and they divide approximately every twenty-four hours. At the beginning of mitosis there is a mother cell, and after mitosis there are two daughter cells.
In interphase, the cell grows then the genetic material in a cell duplicates, then it grows once again so that the cell is ready for division.
After interphase, the nuclear membrane around the chromosomes dissolve and now two identical set sets of genetic information shorten and thicken. This stage is called prophase.
During metaphase, the chromosome pairs line up in the center of the cell.
Anaphase is when the chromosome pairs separate and start to move to opposite poles. The chromosomes are being pulled by spindle fibers at the end of each pole.
The last stage is called telophase. During this stage the chromosomes reach the poles, and a nuclear membrane forms around each set of chromosomes. In telophase there is a step called cytokinesis. During cytokinesis the organelles and the cytoplasm divide and move to the poles as well. In animal cells, the cell membrane pinches two form two daughter cells, and in plant cells, the cell wall is built to form two daughter cells.
Interphase repeats again because mitosis is a continuous cycle.
Rupali Patel
Cells reproduce themselves by a cycle of cell division called mitosis. Single celled organisms or other organisms that have cells that are less complex use mitosis. There are five stages of mitosis, interphase, prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase. Cells are controlled by nucleus and it tell tells the cell to divide when the cell reaches the maximum size and it must divide when it is too big. When the cell has no nucleus, the cell divides with no control. These cells are often known as cancer cells, and they divide approximately every twenty-four hours. At the beginning of mitosis there is a mother cell, and after mitosis there are two daughter cells.
In interphase, the cell grows then the genetic material in a cell duplicates, then it grows once again so that the cell is ready for division.
After interphase, the nuclear membrane around the chromosomes dissolve and now two identical set sets of genetic information shorten and thicken. This stage is called prophase.
During metaphase, the chromosome pairs line up in the center of the cell.
Anaphase is when the chromosome pairs separate and start to move to opposite poles. The chromosomes are being pulled by spindle fibers at the end of each pole.
The last stage is called telophase. During this stage the chromosomes reach the poles, and a nuclear membrane forms around each set of chromosomes. In telophase there is a step called cytokinesis. During cytokinesis the organelles and the cytoplasm divide and move to the poles as well. In animal cells, the cell membrane pinches two form two daughter cells, and in plant cells, the cell wall is built to form two daughter cells.
Interphase repeats again because mitosis is a continuous cycle.
In other types of cells like reproductive ones, another process like mitosis takes place. This process is called meiosis.
Rupali Patel
Cells reproduce themselves by a cycle of cell division called mitosis. Single celled organisms or other organisms that have cells that are less complex use mitosis. There are five stages of mitosis, interphase, prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase. Cells are controlled by nucleus and it tell tells the cell to divide when the cell reaches the maximum size and it must divide when it is too big. When the cell has no nucleus, the cell divides with no control. These cells are often known as cancer cells, and they divide approximately every twenty-four hours. At the beginning of mitosis there is a mother cell, and after mitosis there are two daughter cells.
In interphase, the cell grows then the genetic material in a cell duplicates, then it grows once again so that the cell is ready for division.
After interphase, the nuclear membrane around the chromosomes dissolve and now two identical set sets of genetic information shorten and thicken. This stage is called prophase.
During metaphase, the chromosome pairs line up in the center of the cell.
Anaphase is when the chromosome pairs separate and start to move to opposite poles. The chromosomes are being pulled by spindle fibers at the end of each pole.
The last stage is called telophase. During this stage the chromosomes reach the poles, and a nuclear membrane forms around each set of chromosomes. In telophase there is a step called cytokinesis. During cytokinesis the organelles and the cytoplasm divide and move to the poles as well. In animal cells, the cell membrane pinches two form two daughter cells, and in plant cells, the cell wall is built to form two daughter cells.
Interphase repeats again because mitosis is a continuous cycle.
In other types of cells, for example reproductive cells, a different process is used instead of mitosis. This process is called meiosis.
Rupali Patel
Cells reproduce themselves by a cycle of cell division called mitosis. Single celled organisms or other organisms that have cells that are less complex use mitosis. There are five stages of mitosis, interphase, prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase. Cells are controlled by nucleus and it tell tells the cell to divide when the cell reaches the maximum size and it must divide when it is too big. When the cell has no nucleus, the cell divides with no control. These cells are often known as cancer cells, and they divide approximately every twenty-four hours. At the beginning of mitosis there is a mother cell, and after mitosis there are two daughter cells.
In interphase, the cell grows then the genetic material in a cell duplicates, then it grows once again so that the cell is ready for division.
After interphase, the nuclear membrane around the chromosomes dissolve and now two identical set sets of genetic information shorten and thicken. This stage is called prophase.
During metaphase, the chromosome pairs line up in the center of the cell.
Anaphase is when the chromosome pairs separate and start to move to opposite poles. The chromosomes are being pulled by spindle fibers at the end of each pole.
The last stage is called telophase. During this stage the chromosomes reach the poles, and a nuclear membrane forms around each set of chromosomes. In telophase there is a step called cytokinesis. During cytokinesis the organelles and the cytoplasm divide and move to the poles as well. In animal cells, the cell membrane pinches two form two daughter cells, and in plant cells, the cell wall is built to form two daughter cells.
Interphase repeats again because mitosis is a continuous cycle.
In other types of cells, for example reproductive cells, a different process is used instead of mitosis. This process is called meiosis.
Rupali Patel
Cells reproduce themselves by a cycle of cell division called mitosis. Single celled organisms or other organisms that have cells that are less complex use mitosis. There are five stages of mitosis, interphase, prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase. Cells are controlled by nucleus and it tell tells the cell to divide when the cell reaches the maximum size and it must divide when it is too big. When the cell has no nucleus, the cell divides with no control. These cells are often known as cancer cells, and they divide approximately every twenty-four hours. At the beginning of mitosis there is a mother cell, and after mitosis there are two daughter cells.
In interphase, the cell grows then the genetic material in a cell duplicates, then it grows once again so that the cell is ready for division.
After interphase, the nuclear membrane around the chromosomes dissolve and now two identical set sets of genetic information shorten and thicken. This stage is called prophase.
During metaphase, the chromosome pairs line up in the center of the cell.
Anaphase is when the chromosome pairs separate and start to move to opposite poles. The chromosomes are being pulled by spindle fibers at the end of each pole.
The last stage is called telophase. During this stage the chromosomes reach the poles, and a nuclear membrane forms around each set of chromosomes. In telophase there is a step called cytokinesis. During cytokinesis the organelles and the cytoplasm divide and move to the poles as well. In animal cells, the cell membrane pinches two form two daughter cells, and in plant cells, the cell wall is built to form two daughter cells.
Interphase repeats again because mitosis is a continuous cycle.
In other types of cells, for example reproductive cells, a different process is used instead of mitosis. This process is called meiosis.
Rupali Patel
Cells reproduce themselves by a cycle of cell division called mitosis. Single celled organisms or other organisms that have cells that are less complex use mitosis. There are five stages of mitosis, interphase, prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase. Cells are controlled by nucleus and it tell tells the cell to divide when the cell reaches the maximum size and it must divide when it is too big. When the cell has no nucleus, the cell divides with no control. These cells are often known as cancer cells, and they divide approximately every twenty-four hours. At the beginning of mitosis there is a mother cell, and after mitosis there are two daughter cells.
In interphase, the cell grows then the genetic material in a cell duplicates, then it grows once again so that the cell is ready for division.
After interphase, the nuclear membrane around the chromosomes dissolve and now two identical set sets of genetic information shorten and thicken. This stage is called prophase.
During metaphase, the chromosome pairs line up in the center of the cell.
Anaphase is when the chromosome pairs separate and start to move to opposite poles. The chromosomes are being pulled by spindle fibers at the end of each pole.
The last stage is called telophase. During this stage the chromosomes reach the poles, and a nuclear membrane forms around each set of chromosomes. In telophase there is a step called cytokinesis. During cytokinesis the organelles and the cytoplasm divide and move to the poles as well. In animal cells, the cell membrane pinches two form two daughter cells, and in plant cells, the cell wall is built to form two daughter cells.
Interphase repeats again because mitosis is a continuous cycle.
In other types of cells, for example reproductive cells, a different process is used instead of mitosis. This process is called meiosis.
Rupali Patel
Cells reproduce themselves by a cycle of cell division called mitosis. Single celled organisms or other organisms that have cells that are less complex use mitosis. There are five stages of mitosis, interphase, prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase. Cells are controlled by nucleus and it tell tells the cell to divide when the cell reaches the maximum size and it must divide when it is too big. When the cell has no nucleus, the cell divides with no control. These cells are often known as cancer cells, and they divide approximately every twenty-four hours. At the beginning of mitosis there is a mother cell, and after mitosis there are two daughter cells.
In interphase, the cell grows then the genetic material in a cell duplicates, then it grows once again so that the cell is ready for division.
After interphase, the nuclear membrane around the chromosomes dissolve and now two identical set sets of genetic information shorten and thicken. This stage is called prophase.
During metaphase, the chromosome pairs line up in the center of the cell.
Anaphase is when the chromosome pairs separate and start to move to opposite poles. The chromosomes are being pulled by spindle fibers at the end of each pole.
The last stage is called telophase. During this stage the chromosomes reach the poles, and a nuclear membrane forms around each set of chromosomes. In telophase there is a step called cytokinesis. During cytokinesis the organelles and the cytoplasm divide and move to the poles as well. In animal cells, the cell membrane pinches two form two daughter cells, and in plant cells, the cell wall is built to form two daughter cells.
Interphase repeats again because mitosis is a continuous cycle.
In other types of cells, for example reproductive cells, a different process is used instead of mitosis. This process is called meiosis.
Rupali Patel
Cells reproduce themselves by a cycle of cell division called mitosis. Single celled organisms or other organisms that have cells that are less complex use mitosis. There are five stages of mitosis, interphase, prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase. Cells are controlled by nucleus and it tell tells the cell to divide when the cell reaches the maximum size and it must divide when it is too big. When the cell has no nucleus, the cell divides with no control. These cells are often known as cancer cells, and they divide approximately every twenty-four hours. At the beginning of mitosis there is a mother cell, and after mitosis there are two daughter cells.
In interphase, the cell grows then the genetic material in a cell duplicates, then it grows once again so that the cell is ready for division.
After interphase, the nuclear membrane around the chromosomes dissolve and now two identical set sets of genetic information shorten and thicken. This stage is called prophase.
During metaphase, the chromosome pairs line up in the center of the cell.
Anaphase is when the chromosome pairs separate and start to move to opposite poles. The chromosomes are being pulled by spindle fibers at the end of each pole.
The last stage is called telophase. During this stage the chromosomes reach the poles, and a nuclear membrane forms around each set of chromosomes. In telophase there is a step called cytokinesis. During cytokinesis the organelles and the cytoplasm divide and move to the poles as well. In animal cells, the cell membrane pinches two form two daughter cells, and in plant cells, the cell wall is built to form two daughter cells.
Interphase repeats again because mitosis is a continuous cycle.
In other types of cells, for example reproductive cells, a different process is used instead of mitosis. This process is called meiosis.
Rupali Patel
Cells go through 5 phases to reproduce called Mitosis. The first phase is Interphase. During Interphase the cell grows and duplicates it's genetic material.
The second phase is Prophase. When the cell enters prophase, the chromosomes shorten and get thicker. The Chromosomes are visable and the nuclear membrane dissolves.
The 3rd phase is Metaphase. During metaphase, the chromosomes and lined up in the middle of the cell.
The 4th phase is Anaphase. When the cell is going through anaphase the spindle fibers reach over to the chromosomes and bring one side of it over to that pole.
The final phase is Telophase. During Telophase, the nuclear membrane forms around the chromosomes. Telophase is the final phase untill the cell goes through Mitosis again, starting at Interphase, going to Telophase.
Jeff Ricardo
Amer Almootassem said:
Cells reproduce in various ways. Cells reproduce asexually. In asexual reproduction only one cell is involved. There are many types of asexual reproduction. In binary fission, the mother cell splits into two identical daughter cells with identical genetic information. Usually single celled organisms under goes binary fission. The second type is budding; the organism buds out of the parent and then breaks of the parent and becomes an organism on its own. The third type is fragmentation; if the organism was cut from its central, the cut parts will grow the missing parts and become a complete organism. During spore formation, the parent cell produces many tiny, identical cells called spores. Each spore is housed in the parent cell and has a tough, resistant coating to protect them incase the parent cell dies. In vegetative reproduction, the plant produces runners and each runner can grow a plant. Asexual reproduction is a form of reproduction that involves interphase and mitosis. During interphase, the cell grows and readies for cell division by duplicating its chromosomes. Then another growth readies the cell for division. The first stage of mitosis is prophase. In prophase, the chromosomes shorten and thicken and become double stranded. Then they become visible under the light microscopes. The nuclear membrane starts to dissolve. In metaphase, the double stranded chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell. In anaphase, the chromosomes splits into two halves and move to the poles of the cell. In telophase, the chromosomes reach the opposite poles of the cell and the nuclear membrane begins to form around each set. Then Cytokinesis begins, the cytoplasm and the organelles separate into equal parts, and the two daughter cells are formed. Cells can also repruduce sexually. In sexual reproduction, the genetic information from two cells is combined to produce a new organism. Usually, two specialized sex cells are involved on the repoduction. Sexual reproduction is a form of reproduction that involves meiosis. Meiosis has two stages. The first stage is called meiosis I. In meiosis I, the homologous chromosomes move to the opposiste poles of the dividing cell. The scond stage is called meiosis II. In meiosis II the chromosomes are divided and move to the opposite poles.
Amer Almootassem said:
Cells reproduce in various ways. Cells reproduce asexually. In asexual reproduction only one cell is involved. There are many types of asexual reproduction. In binary fission, the mother cell splits into two identical daughter cells with identical genetic information. Usually single celled organisms under goes binary fission. The second type is budding; the organism buds out of the parent and then breaks of the parent and becomes an organism on its own. The third type is fragmentation; if the organism was cut from its central, the parts will grow the missing parts and become a complete organism. During spore formation, the parent cell produces many tiny, identical cells called spores. Each spore is housed in the parent cell and has a tough, resistant coating to protect them incase the parent cell dies. In vegetative reproduction, the plant produces runners and each runner can grow a plant. Asexual reproduction is a form of reproduction that involves interphase and mitosis. During interphase, the cell grows and readies for cell division by duplicating its chromosomes. Then another growth readies the cell for division. The first stage of mitosis is prophase. In prophase, the chromosomes shorten and thicken and become double stranded. Then they become visible under the light microscopes. The nuclear membrane starts to dissolve. In metaphase, the double stranded chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell. In anaphase, the chromosomes splits into two halves and move to the poles of the cell. In telophase, the chromosomes reach the opposite poles of the cell and the nuclear membrane begins to form around each set. Then Cytokinesis begins, the cytoplasm and the organelles separate into equal parts, and the two daughter cells are formed. Cells can also repruduce sexually. In sexual reproduction, the genetic information from two cells is combined to produce a new organism. Usually, two specialized sex cells are involved on the repoduction. Sexual reproduction is a form of reproduction that involves meiosis. Meiosis has two stages. The first stage is called meiosis I. In meiosis I, the homologous chromosomes move to the opposiste poles of the dividing cell. The scond stage is called meiosis II. In meiosis II the chromosomes are divided and move to the opposite poles.
Cells reproduce themselves through five phases which are Interphase and mitosis, prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and last but not least telophase. During interphase the cell makes new material and continously grows. The next stage of cell reproduction is actually the first stage of mitosis which is called prophase. During prophase the nuclear membrane of the cell dissolves. The next step or phase of cell division called metaphase this is when the chromosomes move to the middle of the cell. Once the chromosomes have moved to the middle of the cell the chromosomes then start moving to either end of the cell by the pull of spindle fibers on either end of the cell. Once the chromosomes have fully moved to either end of the cell the process of telophase begins and along with telophase something else happens. The special thing that happens during telophase is called Cytokinesis which is when the organelles join the chromosomes at either end of the cell. This process leaves a gap in the middle of the cell allowing the cell membrane to pinch together forming 2 daughter cells that are exactly the same as one another. The same processes would happen to a plant cell except that during cytokinesis part of telophase instead of the cell membrane pinching to create the daughter cells the plant cell builds a new cell wall inbetween the 2 poles in order to creat the new daughter cells. This process of interphase and mitosis is continous so it will happen over and over again.
Jason Harte-Reynders
Cells reproduce in a series of five steps. First is the way in which the cell reproduces is called Mitosis. Without Mitosis we would not be alive and the cell would have a short lived life. The first step of Mitosis is called Interphase. While in Interphase the cell grows and gets ready for duplication of the cells genetic material. The next step after Interphase is called Prophase. During Prophase the chromosomes are visible as they grow and thicken, with the help of a light microscope. Also during this phase, the nuclear membrane dissolves. The third step of mitosis is called Metaphase. During Metaphase all the double stranded chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell and gets ready for the next step. The cell now enters Anaphase. In Anaphase, each chromosome splits and travel to the poles of the cell. If done correctly, each daughter cell that the cell reproduces will contain their own set of genetic information. The last but not least step of Mitosis is called Telophase. The chromosomes at each pole form a nuclear membrane around themselves. Cytokinesis is also part of Telophase. As each pole finishes their nuclear membrane the organelles and the cytoplasm’s both separate into equal parts to make two new cells. These cells are called daughter cells. The way these cells “split” differs from plant and animal cells. In animal cells the cell “pinches” to separate. While in a plant cell, the cell splits right through the middle and forms a cell wall around itself at the time. The amount of time it takes for a cell to go through mitosis differs between other cells (ex: Brain Cells and Bone Cells).
Marcus Drage
Cells reproduce in a series of five steps. First is the way in which the cell reproduces is called Mitosis. Without Mitosis we would not be alive and the cell would have a short lived life. The first step of Mitosis is called Interphase. While in Interphase the cell grows and gets ready for duplication of the cells genetic material. The next step after Interphase is called Prophase. During Prophase the chromosomes are visible as they grow and thicken, with the help of a light microscope. Also during this phase, the nuclear membrane dissolves. The third step of mitosis is called Metaphase. During Metaphase all the double stranded chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell and gets ready for the next step. The cell now enters Anaphase. In Anaphase, each chromosome splits and travel to the poles of the cell. If done correctly, each daughter cell that the cell reproduces will contain their own set of genetic information. The last but not least step of Mitosis is called Telophase. The chromosomes at each pole form a nuclear membrane around themselves. Cytokinesis is also part of Telophase. As each pole finishes their nuclear membrane the organelles and the cytoplasm’s both separate into equal parts to make two new cells. These cells are called daughter cells. The way these cells “split” differs from plant and animal cells. In animal cells the cell “pinches” to separate. While in a plant cell, the cell splits right through the middle and forms a cell wall around itself at the time. The amount of time it takes for a cell to go through mitosis differs between other cells (ex: Brain Cells and Bone Cells).
Marcus Drage
Some cells reproduce themselves in asexual reproduction (mitosis) or sexual reproduction (mitosis; but we are talking about how cells reproduce themselves, so I will talk about asexual reproduction). In asexual reproduction, only one parent is needed, unlike sexual reproduction where 2 parents are needed; the daughter cells produced are exactly the same as the mother cell and has the same genetic information. Cells that reproduce asexually go through a process called mitosis; this process includes 5 phases that the cells need to go through in order to produce reproduce themselves. The five phases are: prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase (and cytokinesis) and interphase.
Prophase: Chromatin in the nucleus begins to condense and becomes visible in the light microscope as chromosomes. The nucleolus disappears. Centrioles begin moving to opposite ends of the cell and fibers extend from the centromeres. The nuclear membrane dissolves, marking the beginning of prometaphase. Protiens attach to the centromere creating the kinetochores. Microtubules attach at the kinetochores and the chromosomes begin moving.
Metaphase: Spindle fibers line the chromosomes along the middle of the cell nucleus. This is referred to as the metaphase plate. This helps to ensure that in the next phase, when the chromosomes are separated, each new nucleus will receive one copy of each chromosome. Chromosomes are lined up in the center.
Anaphase: The paired chromosomes separate at the kinetochores and move to opposite poles of the cell pulled by the spindle fibers. Motion results from a combination of kinetochore movement along the spindle microtubules and through the physical interaction of polar microtubles.
Telophase: Chromatids (chromosomes) arrive at opposite poles of cell, and a nuclear membrane begins to form around each set (form around the daughter nuclei). The chromosomes disperse and are no longer visible under the light microscope. The spindle fibers disperse, and cytokinesis begins. Cytokinesis: The cytoplasm and organelles separate into roughly equal parts, and the two daughter cells are formed. In animal cells, the cell membrane pinches to form two daughter cells. And in the plant cell, a cell wall is built to form two daughter cells.
Interphase: The daughter cells grow rapidly, then the chromosomes duplicate and then they grow and prepare for mitosis. Then the whole process runs all over again.
This process enables and allows the cells to reproduce themselves through mitosis (asexual reproduction) and as a result the daughter cells are exactly the same as the parent (mother cell). Unlike mitosis, meiosis (sexual reproduction) needs two parents (a sex cell and a sperm) to produce a zygote (fertilized egg). And in meiosis, the zygote is not exactly the same as the parents; the egg receives half of the chromosomes from the mother and the other half from the father. For example humans, the child would receive 23 chromosomes from the mother and 23 chromosomes from the father and this explains why everyone is so different because we receive half from our father's and the other half from our mother's.
Grace Yoon
Cells reproduce themselves in asexual reproduction (mitosis) or sexual reproduction (mitosis).In asexual reproduction, only one parent is needed, unlike sexual reproduction where 2 parents are needed; the daughter cells produced are exactly the same as the mother cell and has the same genetic information. Cells that reproduce asexually go through a process called mitosis; this process includes 5 phases that the cells need to go through in order to reproduce themselves. The five phases are: prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase (and cytokinesis) and interphase.
Prophase: Chromatin in the nucleus begins to condense and becomes visible in the light microscope as chromosomes. The nucleolus disappears. Centrioles begin moving to opposite ends of the cell and fibers extend from the centromeres. The nuclear membrane dissolves, marking the beginning of prometaphase. Protiens attach to the centromere creating the kinetochores. Microtubules attach at the kinetochores and the chromosomes begin moving.
Metaphase: Spindle fibers line the chromosomes along the middle of the cell nucleus. This is referred to as the metaphase plate. This helps to ensure that in the next phase, when the chromosomes are separated, each new nucleus will receive one copy of each chromosome. Chromosomes are lined up in the center.
Anaphase: The paired chromosomes separate at the kinetochores and move to opposite poles of the cell pulled by the spindle fibers. Motion results from a combination of kinetochore movement along the spindle microtubules and through the physical interaction of polar microtubles.
Telophase: Chromatids (chromosomes) arrive at opposite poles of cell, and a nuclear membrane begins to form around each set (form around the daughter nuclei). The chromosomes disperse and are no longer visible under the light microscope. The spindle fibers disperse, and cytokinesis begins. Cytokinesis: The cytoplasm and organelles separate into roughly equal parts, and the two daughter cells are formed. In animal cells, the cell membrane pinches to form two daughter cells. And in the plant cell, a cell wall is built to form two daughter cells.
Interphase: The daughter cells grow rapidly, then the chromosomes duplicate and then they grow and prepare for mitosis. Then the whole process runs all over again.
This process enables and allows the cells to reproduce themselves through mitosis (asexual reproduction) and as a result the daughter cells are exactly the same as the parent (mother cell). Unlike mitosis, meiosis (sexual reproduction) needs two parents (a sex cell and a sperm) to produce a zygote (fertilized egg). And in meiosis, the zygote is not exactly the same as the parents; the egg receives half of the chromosomes from the mother and the other half from the father. For example humans, the child would receive 23 chromosomes from the mother and 23 chromosomes from the father and this explains why everyone is so different because we receive half from our fathers and the other half from our mothers.
Cells reproduce themselves in asexual reproduction (mitosis) or sexual reproduction (mitosis). In asexual reproduction, only one parent is needed, unlike sexual reproduction where 2 parents are needed; the daughter cells produced are exactly the same as the mother cell and has the same genetic information. Cells that reproduce asexually go through a process called mitosis; this process includes 5 phases that the cells need to go through in order to reproduce themselves. The five phases are: prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase (and cytokinesis) and interphase.
Prophase: Chromatin in the nucleus begins to condense and becomes visible in the light microscope as chromosomes. The nucleolus disappears. Centrioles begin moving to opposite ends of the cell and fibers extend from the centromeres. The nuclear membrane dissolves, marking the beginning of prometaphase. Protiens attach to the centromere creating the kinetochores. Microtubules attach at the kinetochores and the chromosomes begin moving.
Metaphase: Spindle fibers line the chromosomes along the middle of the cell nucleus. This is referred to as the metaphase plate. This helps to ensure that in the next phase, when the chromosomes are separated, each new nucleus will receive one copy of each chromosome. Chromosomes are lined up in the center.
Anaphase: The paired chromosomes separate at the kinetochores and move to opposite poles of the cell pulled by the spindle fibers. Motion results from a combination of kinetochore movement along the spindle microtubules and through the physical interaction of polar microtubles.
Telophase: Chromatids (chromosomes) arrive at opposite poles of cell, and a nuclear membrane begins to form around each set (form around the daughter nuclei). The chromosomes disperse and are no longer visible under the light microscope. The spindle fibers disperse, and cytokinesis begins. Cytokinesis: The cytoplasm and organelles separate into roughly equal parts, and the two daughter cells are formed. In animal cells, the cell membrane pinches to form two daughter cells. And in the plant cell, a cell wall is built to form two daughter cells.
Interphase: The daughter cells grow rapidly, then the chromosomes duplicate and then they grow and prepare for mitosis. Then the whole process runs all over again.
This process enables and allows the cells to reproduce themselves through mitosis (asexual reproduction) and as a result the daughter cells are exactly the same as the parent (mother cell). Unlike mitosis, meiosis (sexual reproduction) needs two parents (a sex cell and a sperm) to produce a zygote (fertilized egg). And in meiosis, the zygote is not exactly the same as the parents; the egg receives half of the chromosomes from the mother and the other half from the father. For example humans, the child would receive 23 chromosomes from the mother and 23 chromosomes from the father and this explains why everyone is so different because we receive half from our fathers and the other half from our mothers.
Grace Yoon
When cells reproduce it is called MITOSIS.The definition of mitosis is: The process by which a cell seperates, it's duplicated genes into two identical haves. Mitosis has phases and when a cell reproduces it goes threw these phases. The phases are named in order: Interphase, Prophase,Metaphase,anaphase, Telophase which has cytokenisis(a special part in the cycle). In interphase The cell grows rapidly and when the cell readches it's full size it will reproduce. After that the chromosomes duplicate and then the cell grows rapidly again. In prophase The nuclear membrane breaks down and the chromosomes get thicker and get shorter. After this the chromosomes become two chromatids. In metaphase The spindles on both poles appear, the chromosomes are lying in the center of the cell (equator). The spindles are now starting to reach for the chromosomes. In Anaphase the spindles pull the chromosomes toward opposite poles. Finally in telophase the chromosomes have fully migrated to the opposite poles and then the plasma membrane pinches down along the middle making two different cells. There you have reproduction of cells. This process is continuos.
By: Dragana Kovacevic
Cells reproduce themselves by using five main processes. These processes are interphase, prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telephase (including cytokinesis). In interphase a mother cell divides in to two daughter cells. At this point the cells grow rapidly, the chromosomes duplicate and then the cell grows and prepares for mitosis. Most of the process is spent during interphase. The rest of the process can also be referred to as mitosis (which of course is the combination of prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telephase). During prophase the cell membrane dissolves and the chromosomes contract (come extremely close together). The next step is metaphase where the chromosomes merge into a straight line in the centre of the cell. After this process is completed anaphase begins. During anaphase the chromosomes separate and move towards the two poles (north an south). These chromosomes are pulled by spindle fibers (filaments that come from the poles). After this step comes telephase. During telephase the chromosomes finally reach the two poles and the nuclear membrane forms around the chromosomes. Then cytokinesis occurs (which is a part of telephase). During cytokinesis the cytoplasm and organelles divide and move towards the poles where the chromosomes are inside the cell membrane. After this one of two things can occur depending on what kind of cell is being examined. If it is an animal cell the cell membrane will pinch to form two daughter cells (just like a balloon) and if it is a plant cell a cell wall will form to create two daughter cells. Then, of course, the whole process is repeated to form four new daughter cells. This process is how cell reproduce them asexually. Cells reproduce themselves using meiosis which occurs when two separate cells come together and combine genetic information and chromosomes to create a new cell (needs two sex chromosomes). This is how humans and most animals reproduce. This process occurs when two cells reproduce sexually.
Luke Wathen
Cells reproduce themselves by using five main processes. These processes are interphase, prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telephase (including cytokinesis). In interphase a mother cell divides in to two daughter cells. At this point the cells grow rapidly, the chromosomes duplicate and then the cell grows and prepares for mitosis. Most of the process is spent during interphase. The rest of the process can also be referred to as mitosis (which of course is the combination of prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telephase). During prophase the cell membrane dissolves and the chromosomes contract (come extremely close together). The next step is metaphase where the chromosomes merge into a straight line in the centre of the cell. After this process is completed anaphase begins. During anaphase the chromosomes separate and move towards the two poles (north an south). These chromosomes are pulled by spindle fibers (filaments that come from the poles). After this step comes telephase. During telephase the chromosomes finally reach the two poles and the nuclear membrane forms around the chromosomes. Then cytokinesis occurs (which is a part of telephase). During cytokinesis the cytoplasm and organelles divide and move towards the poles where the chromosomes are inside the cell membrane. After this one of two things can occur depending on what kind of cell is being examined. If it is an animal cell the cell membrane will pinch to form two daughter cells (just like a balloon) and if it is a plant cell a cell wall will form to create two daughter cells. Then, of course, the whole process is repeated to form four new daughter cells. This process is how cell reproduce them asexually. Cells reproduce themselves using meiosis which occurs when two separate cells come together and combine genetic information and chromosomes to create a new cell (needs two sex chromosomes). This is how humans and most animals reproduce. This process occurs when two cells reproduce sexually.
Luke Wathen
Cells reproduce bt cell division - Mitosis. In Mitosis, they have to go through 5 steps. The first step is Prophase. In prophase, the nuclear membrane in the cell dissolves. The Second step is Metaphase. In Metaphase, the chromosomes pairs line up in the center of the cell. The third step is Anaphase. In Anaphase, The chromosomes pairs seperate and start to move to the poles pulled by spindle fibers. The Fourth step is Telaphase. In Telephase, the chromosomes reach the poles, and the numclear membrane forms around the chromosomes. The second part of Telephase is called Cytokinesis. In Cytokinesis, the cytoplasm and the organelles divide, and move to the poles. Also, the cell membrane pinches to form two daughter cells in animals, and the cell wall is built to form two daughter cells in plants. The fifth step is Interphase. In interphase, the daughter cells grows rapidly, the chromosomes duplication, and then the cell grows and prepares for Mitosis. When the cell reaches Mitosis, the same steps happen - again, and again...
Anastasia Rzjanin
Cells reproduce themselves by using mitosis. There are 5 stages of mitosis. They are interphase, prophase, metaphase.anaphase and telophase.The cell starts at interphase. In interphase there are 3 steps. First the cell grows rapidly and then the chromosomes duplicate. After that the cell grows and prepares for mitosis. Then mitosis begins. The cell starts at prophase. In prophase the nuclear membrane dissolves. Then the cell goes into metaphase. In metaphase the chromosome pairs line up in the centre of the cell. Then the cell goes into anaphase. In anaphase the chromosomes pairs separate and start to move to the poles pulled by the spindle fibers. Then the cell goes into telophase. In telophase chromosomes reach the poles and the nuclear membrane forms around the chromosomes. Then cytokinesis begins. For plants a cell wall is built to form two daughter cells. For animals the two cells pinch each other to form two daughter cells. Then the cell cycle starts all over again from interphase to telophase and back again.
Nidhi Patel
There are many ways a cell can reproduce. The two main categories that cells reproduce are mitosis and meiosis. Meiosis is sexual reproduction and mitosis is asexual reproduction. There are four ways to have sexual reproduction-internal fertilization, external fertilization, hermaphrodites and conjugation. Overall, meiosis involves two parent cells and the new cell has characteristics from both the parents. For internal reproduction, two sexes engage in intercourse. With external fertilization, the female parent can lay eggs and then a male comes by and covers the eggs with sperm. Hermaphrodites are organisms that have the sexual parts of both male and female organisms. This means that the organism can fertilize itself although two cells (one sperm cell and one egg cell) are still required. The last form of meiosis-conjugation-occurs in bacteria. When the two cells come in contact they fuse together, exchange genetic information, and then split apart again.
Under mitosis there are 5 types of asexual reproduction. These types are binary fission, budding, fragmentation, spore formation and vegetative reproduction. In all types of mitosis there is only one parent(mother) cell and the new cells are identical to the mother cell. This also means they go through the 5 phases mitosis-interphase, prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase. During interphase the cell grows and duplicates all it's genetic information. After that, the nuclear membrane disappears in a step called prophase. The duplicated chromosomes go to the middle of the cell in metaphase then the chromosomes split up and head to separate sides of the cell in anaphase. Lastly during telophase the chromosome reach the opposite poles of the cell and then the new nuclear membranes form. Cytoplasm and the other organelles also divide up into the two new cells. For binary fission the organism divides equally into two parts. With budding the new cell grows out of the parent and eventually falls off forming a new organism. If a piece of certain organism breaks off, a new organism will grow off of that piece in fragmentation. In vegetative reproduction, plants grow runners that will make a new plant. Lastly, for spore formation, spores form in the parent cell and eventually create its own organism.
Katie Wong
Cell reproduction has 5 different steps. The proper terminology for cell reproduction is mitosis. The 3 functions a cell has are growing, repair, and reproduce. The first step to mitosis is interphase. During interphase the cell is preparing for division by doubling it genetic material. The next process is prophase. Prophase is the step in which the chromosomes grow, become thicker but decrease in size. At this stage we can identify the chromosomes with strong microscopes. This is when the nuclear membrane dissolves. The third step is referred to as metaphase. Metaphase is when the pairs of chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell and get ready for the next stage. Anaphase is the fourth stage in which the chromosomes split up and move to opposite poles, at different ends of the cell. The pull or attraction is created by spindle fibers at each of the poles. The last step to mitosis is telophase. During telophase the chromosomes reach the poles on each end and membrane develops over each set of chromosomes. This is when a new cell is made.
Scott Smith
Post a Comment